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Moles

Moles, or melanocytic nevi, are one of the most common skin growths seen in both children and adults. They occur when pigment-producing cells in the skin, known as melanocytes, cluster rather than spread evenly. This collection of pigment cells produces a small, visible spot that can appear in a wide range of colors, including pink, tan, brown, or even black.

Moles may be flat or raised, smooth or textured, and some develop fine hairs. While many moles are present at birth, most people notice them during childhood and adolescence, and it is common for new moles to continue forming into early adulthood. Most moles are harmless, but it is important to monitor them over time, as they can change in ways that may require medical attention.

Moles affect almost everyone, regardless of age, gender, or background. By adulthood, most people have between 10 and 40 moles. They can form anywhere on the body, including areas that are not regularly exposed to the sun, such as the scalp or the soles of the feet. Individuals with lighter skin, blond or red hair, and light-colored eyes often develop more moles, but people of all skin types can have them.

Most moles are stable and do not cause any symptoms. They remain small, uniform in color, and round or oval in shape. However, changes in a mole can sometimes be an early sign of skin cancer. It is important to check your skin regularly and be aware of the warning signs.

Common changes to watch for include:

  • Increase in size or rapid growth of a mole
  • Uneven or irregular borders instead of smooth, rounded edges
  • Multiple colors or uneven shades in the same mole
  • Bleeding, itching, crusting, or pain at the site of a mole
  • A mole that looks different from others on your body, sometimes called the “ugly duckling sign.”

To make it easier to remember the signs of a potentially concerning mole, dermatologists use the ABCDE rule:

  • A: Asymmetry – one half of the mole does not match the other
  • B: Border – the edges are irregular, jagged, or blurred
  • C: Color – the mole contains multiple shades or unusual colors
  • D: Diameter – larger than six millimeters, about the size of a pencil eraser
  • E: Evolving – the mole changes in size, shape, color, or starts to cause new symptoms

Following the ABCDE guide at home and scheduling annual professional skin checks helps ensure that suspicious moles are detected early.

The exact cause of moles is a combination of natural and environmental factors.

  • Genetics is one of the strongest influences. If you inherit a tendency to form more moles, you may have more than average and may also be more likely to have atypical or concerning moles.
  • Sun exposure is another major factor. Ultraviolet (UV) rays stimulate pigment production and can trigger the formation of new moles or darken existing ones. This is why people who spend a lot of time in the sun or have had repeated sunburns often develop more moles.
  • Hormonal changes also play a role. During puberty or pregnancy, moles can become more noticeable or change in appearance. In most cases, these changes are normal, but they should still be monitored.

Risk factors include:

  • Fair skin, light hair, or light-colored eyes
  • A family history of melanoma or atypical moles
  • Having more than 50 moles on the body
  • A history of frequent or severe sunburns, especially during childhood
  • A weakened immune system

Having these risk factors does not mean you will develop skin cancer, but it does mean you should be especially careful to monitor your skin and practice sun protection.

Although most moles are harmless, regular monitoring is essential. Performing monthly self-exams in front of a mirror and asking a partner or family member to check hard-to-see areas can help you spot changes early. Scheduling annual skin exams with a dermatologist adds another layer of protection. Preventive steps, such as wearing sunscreen daily, seeking shade, and avoiding tanning beds, reduce the risk of new or changing moles. Being proactive with your skin health is the best way to catch problems early and keep your skin healthy.

An atypical mole can sometimes develop within a birthmark, particularly in pigmented birthmarks known as congenital melanocytic nevi. While most birthmarks remain harmless, these areas already contain pigment cells, which means they can change over time just like regular moles. The risk is generally very low in small birthmarks but can be higher in larger ones. For this reason, it is important to monitor birthmarks for the same warning signs as other moles and have them checked by a dermatologist if any changes occur.

Dr. Joshua Freedman, a board-certified medical and surgical dermatologist in Swedesboro, New Jersey, provides specialized care for patients with moles. His expertise includes medical, surgical, and cosmetic aspects of mole care.

Moles are a normal part of life, but they should never be ignored. If you have noticed new moles, seen changes in existing ones, or simply want a mole removed for cosmetic reasons, schedule a dermatology appointment with Dr. Joshua Freedman. At his office in Swedesboro, New Jersey, he offers expert evaluation and treatment for all types of moles. Protect your health and maintain your skin’s appearance by booking a consultation today. Early detection and expert care can make all the difference.

At a Glance

Dr. Joshua Freedman

  • Double Board-Certified in Dermatology and Mohs Micrographic Surgery
  • Providing Comprehensive Medical Dermatology for All Ages
  • Expert in Mohs Micrographic Surgery and Reconstructive Techniques
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