Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by red, irritated, thickened, and flaky skin. It affects over 8 million people in the U.S. Nearly a third of them will develop psoriatic arthritis, a condition that affects the joints as well as the skin.
Psoriasis leads to the development of painful, inflamed skin lesions, called plaques, that can become fissured, bleed, and become colonized by bacteria. Yet the inflammatory damage of psoriasis goes deeper. People with psoriasis are at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and arthritis. Those with the arthritic component can develop irreversible joint and bone damage. The impaired quality of life and stigmatization can take a toll on mental health.
Normally, skin cells grow and shed over several weeks. In psoriasis, this process occurs over just a few days, leading to a buildup of skin cells on the surface. This buildup creates plaques that can be red, raised, and covered with thick, silvery scales. Psoriasis is not contagious, but it can be persistent, sometimes flaring up and then improving, only to return later.
Psoriasis is considered a chronic condition, meaning there is no permanent cure; if untreated, the skin changes can last for years and may require ongoing management. While it cannot be cured entirely, many people find relief with treatment and lifestyle adjustments that help keep flare-ups under control. Understanding your psoriasis is essential to managing your skin over time, learning to prevent and treat flares and seasonal changes, and knowing when to consult your dermatologist.
Psoriasis affects people differently. Some may only notice small areas of irritated skin, while others may have more widespread patches. Symptoms may include:
- Red patches of skin covered with thick, silvery or white scales
- Dry, cracked skin that may bleed at times
- Itching, burning, or soreness in the affected areas
- Thickened or ridged fingernails and toenails
- Stiff or swollen joints, in cases where psoriasis is linked to psoriatic arthritis
The severity can vary. For some people, it may be mild and only affect a few small spots. For others, it can become uncomfortable or even painful, interfering with sleep, daily routines, or confidence in social settings.
The exact cause of psoriasis is not fully understood. Still, it is known to be an immune-mediated condition, meaning the immune system mistakenly signals the body to produce skin cells at a much faster rate than normal. This rapid turnover leads to the buildup of visible patches.
Certain triggers can make psoriasis worse or cause a flare-up. Common factors include:
- Genetics: Having a family history of psoriasis increases the risk.
- Immune system issues: Abnormal immune system activity plays a central role.
- Infections: Strep throat or skin infections can sometimes trigger psoriasis.
- Stress: Physical or emotional stress can worsen symptoms.
- Weather: Cold, dry weather may make psoriasis more noticeable.
- Medications: Certain drugs, such as lithium or beta-blockers, can trigger flares.
- Alcohol and smoking: Both are linked with more frequent or severe outbreaks.
- Diet: Diet may influence the severity of psoriasis.
Psoriasis can affect people of all ages, but it is most often diagnosed in early adulthood or later in middle age. Men and women are affected at similar rates. It is estimated that more than 7 million Americans live with psoriasis. Psoriasis does not discriminate, but its impact on quality of life can be significant, especially when symptoms are visible on the face, scalp, hands, or other noticeable areas.
There are several different forms of psoriasis, and a person may experience more than one type during their lifetime:
- Plaque psoriasis: The most common type, marked by raised, red patches with silvery scales.
- Guttate psoriasis: Appears as small, drop-shaped sores, often after a throat infection.
- Inverse psoriasis: Found in skin folds, such as under the breasts or around the groin.
- Pustular psoriasis: Involves white pustules (blisters filled with non-infectious pus).
- Erythrodermic psoriasis: A rare but severe form, causing widespread redness, shedding, and discomfort.
Psoriasis is more than a skin condition. It can affect emotional well-being, confidence, and even physical health if it is linked to psoriatic arthritis. Flare-ups may interfere with sleep, concentration, and social activities. Many patients report feelings of embarrassment or frustration because the condition is visible to others.
The good news is that with proper care, many people successfully manage symptoms and reduce flare-ups, helping them live more comfortably and confidently.
If you or a loved one is struggling with psoriasis or suspects you may have it, you don’t have to face it alone. Dr. Joshua Freedman, a medical and surgical dermatologist in Swedesboro, New Jersey, provides expert evaluation and customized treatment options designed to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. His goal is to help patients not only treat the visible signs of psoriasis but also feel more confident and comfortable. With the right care, you can live your healthiest life. To schedule a consultation and learn more about managing psoriasis, contact Dr. Freedman’s office today.
At a Glance
Dr. Joshua Freedman
- Double Board-Certified in Dermatology and Mohs Micrographic Surgery
- Providing Comprehensive Medical Dermatology for All Ages
- Expert in Mohs Micrographic Surgery and Reconstructive Techniques
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